Evolutionary psychology views personality traits as adaptations shaped by natural selection to enhance survival and reproduction. Unlike traditional theories focusing on trait description, it explains why traits like extraversion, agreeableness, or risk-taking exist, rooted in ancestral challenges. Key concepts include adaptive value, where traits aiding survival were passed down; trade-offs, balancing benefits and costs; and domain-specific mechanisms, tailoring traits to tasks like mate selection or social cooperation. Social intelligence, mate selection preferences, and risk sensitivity reflect these pressures, with variability ensuring group survival across diverse environments. Sex differences, like men’s assertiveness or women’s nurturing, stem from reproductive strategies, though individual variation persists. While offering insights into universal traits, the theory faces criticism for oversimplification. Explore related topics in our Big Five overview, Individual Differences, and Social-Cognitive Theory posts for a broader personality perspective.